Untamed Calm Equine

Untamed Equine Calm training vid1

UNTAMED CALM, is a natural nutritional supplement specifically designed to promote calmness and relaxation in horses. Our unique blend of natural extracts, including L-Theanine, Lemon Balm, and Passion Flower, has been scientifically shown to enhance focus, improve mood, and reduce anxiety levels in horses.

But that’s not all. UNTAMED CALM also contains biologically complete protein in the form of Spirulina providing essential nutrients and antioxidants, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and biologically active plant constituents that help nourish your horse’s brain and nervous system. Spirulina is also very well known is a superfood with a multitude of other health benefits and is highly valued for its significance in overall health and well-being.

Our product’s natural formulation makes it a safe and effective calmative.  With UNTAMED CALM, you can rest assured that you’re providing your horse with the best possible care.

Whether it’s a high-pressure competition or a stressful training session, UNTAMED CALM’s synergistic effect can help bring your horse to a state of calmness and mental focus. We understand the importance of using only the highest quality, natural ingredients, and we’re proud to offer this solution for horses.

INDICATIONS

-behavioural issues
-stress
-anxiety or depressed mood
-post injury/post-surgery recovery
-events like shows/sports
-thunder storms/separation/transport/changed environment

Try UNTAMED CALM today and give your equine companion the peace and tranquility they deserve.

***Please click on the PHARMACOLOGICAL BENEFITS tab, for detailed information on how Untamed Calm (Equine) functions to enhance your companion’s emotional well-being.

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[tab title=”PHARMACOLOGICAL BENEFITS”]

🟢L-THEANINE

L-Theanine is extracted from the leaves of green tea.  It is implicated in reducing anxiety and causing calmness without sedation.  Best of all, it also benefits cognitive function by improving focus and memory.1 L-theanine’s benefits can be experienced within 30 min to an hour of intake.

Its’ physiological mechanisms of action include increasing alpha brain waves2, reducing stress-induced corticosterone3, and increasing GABA (a calming and uplifting brain chemical) by stimulating its receptors in the brain. Alpha brain waves are associated with a state of relaxation, focus and mental alertness.4,5,6,7

L-Theanine further has a protective effect on the brain by reducing the toxic degeneration of nerve cells by A-beta (1-42) proteins which causes Alzheimer’s disease, and by suppressing inflammation.8

Another remarkable benefit of L-Theanine, is its positive effect on gene expression in brain areas referred to as the hippocampus and amygdala.  These brain areas are implicated in the development of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) following a severely traumatic experience. 9-11

 Clinical Indications

  • Stress & anxiety

🟢PASSION FLOWER

Passionflower has a long history of use for anxiety, restlessness, sleep disorders, mental stress, irritability, and epileptic seizures. It also shows clinical potential in the treatment of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
Passionflower provides various bioactive compounds which increases GABA (calming neurotransmitter in the brain), serotonin (happy neurotransmitter) and noradrenalin (underlies the body’s stress response).12 These bio-actives also provide anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant protection in the brain, reducing the risk of damage to nerve cells. 13 Passionflower also shows anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-tumour activity.14

Clinical Indications 19

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Anxiety & Nervousness
  • Sleep disorders
  • Seizure
  • Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
  • Hypertension

🟢LEMON BALM

Lemon Balm has been used for thousands of years for various medical concerns, including digestive complaints, fever, wounds, mental decline, headaches, insect bites, herpes, gout and skin disease.  However, Lemon balm is most well-known for its significant benefits in depression, irritability and sleeping disorders.15 Treatment with Lemon balm improves metal performance, uplifts mood, and reduces feelings of stress and anxiety.16

By increasing the activity of acetylcholine, a brain neurotransmitter, which is involved in arousal, memory and learning, and by increasing blood flow to the brain, Lemon balm helps to improve memory.17 It also increases GABA, promoting an increased level of relaxation.  By increasing GABA, glutamate is decreased.  By keeping glutamate levels in balance, and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor, healthy maintenance, growth and development of the brain cells are promoted.

In summary, Lemon balm protects the brain against the damaging effects of stress, is helpful in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), reduces tension and agitation, improves mood and cognitive function, and helps to improve symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.18

 Clinical Indications

  • Depression
  • Dementia
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Sleep disorders
  • Tenseness
  • Irritability
  • Cognitive dysfunction

🟢SPIRULINA

Diet can significantly influence the risk of various degenerative neural and mental diseases.

As nutritional therapy, Spirulina is used as a functional superfood to support emotional well-being and healthy functioning of the brain and nervous system.  It provides a multitude of nutrients which nourishes the body and brain. With its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and neuroprotective properties, research indicates that spirulina can help to reduce mental fatigue, protect brain blood vessels from damage and contribute in reducing the risk of various brain conditions.

Untamed Calm-Equine is rich in Tryptophan. An average daily serving size of 20g provides 180mg of Tryptophan, which is one of Spirulina’s hidden treasures. Tryptophan is well studied for its serotonin enhancing effects in neuropsychiatric disorders. As a building block of serotonin, it increases serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter within the central nervous system, which regulates mood and cognitive function. A deficiency in tryptophan or serotonin may result in depression, low mood, aggression, fear and stress. 20

Central nervous system protection:
Another way in which Spirulina exerts a protective effect on the central nervous system, is via its beneficial influence on the intestinal microflora. By improving the health of the digestive and autonomic nervous system, it also protects the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis. By preserving gut homeostasis, the risk of several brain disorders can be reduced.21

Spirulina also protects against toxin induced degeneration of nerve cells and promotes growth and development of nerve tissue22-26.  It therefore demonstrates potential in protecting against age related cognitive decline, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease.

Other benefits of Spirulina 27-79:

SPIRULINA is a nutrient-rich, blue-green algae, and is considered a super food.  It contains superior concentrations of protein and essential amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, multiple phytoactives, and chlorophyll.

Actions and health benefits of Spirulina supplementation:

  • Protein-rich super food supporting multiple body systems and general health.
    Insufficient protein or poor-quality protein diets may predispose your horse to poor condition, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, impaired recovery after injury or training, and decreased mental ability. Protein rich diets have multiple health benefits, promote a healthy body condition, and help to maintain optimal well-being.      Spirulina is considered a complete protein source, containing all amino acids required for healthy physiological function.  Protein is an essential component of all living  cells, and a substrate for a multitude of physiological processes.  Spirulina contains amino acids which form vital structural components in muscle cells, ligaments and    tendons. Sufficient protein enables your horse to improve muscle composition and physical strength, especially when combined with regular exercise.  Spirulina supports healthy body weight & muscle function, and promotes overall well-being.
  • Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic alleviating allergic symptoms like hay fever, rhinitis and hives.
  • Antiparasitic activity against parasites like Demodex mites, which causes inflammatory skin infection in horses.
  • Antiviral activity against enveloped viruses like Herpes simplex type I, cytomegalovirus, measles and mumps and influenza.
  • Reduces LDL-cholesterol, providing protection against cholesterol related cardiovascular disease.
  • Supports systemic detoxification systems by promoting detoxification of toxic chemicals like pesticides, chemical drugs and heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic, and protecting against liver damage caused by these toxins. Spirulina therefore alleviates the risk of deleterious toxin-induced degeneration and chronic disease affecting the nervous system, immune function, hormone balance, genetic health, heart, kidneys, liver, bone and joints.
  • Antioxidant and anticancer protection: Spirulina is rich in anti-cancer nutraceuticals like beta-carotene and polysaccharides.  Research demonstrates that these constituents enhance protection against cancer by inhibiting cancer development, tumor size and spreading, and even reversing cancer. Some of its mechanisms include: antioxidant defense against free radical damage, inhibiting cancer cell signaling and cancer cell DNA synthesis, and inducing cancer cell death.  Many studies validate the significant benefit of Spirulina extracts in many cancers of the lungs, mouth, cervix, skin, blood, and liver.
  • Antidiabetic: Spirulina improves insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control, alleviating the risk of diabetes.
  • Enhances muscle performance and endurance capacity: Spirulina promotes muscle hypertrophy, enhances power output, and improves endurance capacity.
  • Liver protective: It protects against liver toxicity and supports liver regeneration.
  • Enhanced fertility and reproduction capacity:  Spirulina enhances fertility and reproductive capacity of healthy animals, diabetic animals, and animals with reduced fertility caused by chemical toxicity.  It increases testicular weight, sperm production and sperm quality.

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• Anxiety 
• Depressed mood
• Behaviour disorders
• Tension & distress
• Hyperactivity
Used for transport, events, separation, post injury rest, and other stressful circumstances

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[tab title=”SUGGESTED USE”]

Loading (7days):
Horses <200 kg:1/2 scoop 2x daily (10g)
Horses 200-400 kg:1 scoop 2x daily (20g)
Horses 400-600 kg:1.5 scoop 2x daily (30g)

Maintenance:
Horses <200 kg:1/2 scoop daily (5g)
Horses 200-400 kg:1/2 scoop 2x daily (10g)
Horses 400-600 kg:1.5-2 scoops 2x daily (15-20g)

*Can be used for acute or long-term treatment.
*Mix into feed, starting with small amounts.
 Slowly build up to suggested serving size in 7days.
*Can add coconut oil to supplement before mixing into feed. 

PLEASE TAKE CARE
Not for use during pregnancy or lactation. Discontinue use in case of an allergic reaction. Do not use with conventional anti-depressants or anxiety medication, without consulting your veterinarian first. This product nor its information, is intended to substitute the professional advice or prescription of your veterinarian, and does not claim to treat, cure or prevent disease. Store at cool, dry temperatures. 

SIDE EFFECTS
Excessively large servings may cause drowsiness.

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[tab title=”INGREDIENTS”]

• L-Theanine 500mg/10g
• Lemon Balm extract (Melissa officinalis) 450mg/10g
• Passion Flower extract (Passiflora incarnata) 450mg/10g
• Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) 8600mg/10g
***Contains NO artificial flavours, preservatives or additives

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[tab title=”research articles”]

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    2. Ito K, Nagoto Y, Aoi N, Juneja LR, Kim M, Yamamoto T, Sugimoto S. Effects of L-theanine on the release of alphabrain waves in human volunteers, Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 1998;72:153-157. (Japanese)
    3. Tamano H, et al. Preventive effect of theanine intake on stress-induced impairments of hippocamapal long-term potentiation and recognition memory. Brain Res Bull. (2013)
    4. Pfurtscheller G. Event-related synchronization (ERS): an electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. (1992)
    5. Gomez-Ramirez M, et al. The deployment of intersensory selective attention: a high-density electrical mapping study of the effects of theanine. Clin Neuropharmacol. (2007)
    6. Kelly SP, et al. Increases in alpha oscillatory power reflect an active retinotopic mechanism for distracter suppression during sustained visuospatial attention. J Neurophysiol. (2006)
    7. Klimesch W, et al. Induced alpha band power changes in the human EEG and attention. Neurosci Lett. (1998)
    8. Kim TI, et al. l-Theanine, an amino acid in green tea, attenuates beta-amyloid-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity: reduction in oxidative damage and inactivation of ERK/p38 kinase and NF-kappaB pathways. Free Radic Biol Med. (2009)
    9. Liberzon I, Martis B. Neuroimaging studies of emotional responses in PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2006;1071:87–109.
    10. Pitman RK, Shin LM, Rauch SL. Investigating the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder with neuroimaging. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62(supplement 17):47–54.
    11. Ursano RJ, Zhang L, Li H, et al. PTSD and traumatic stress: from gene to community and bench to bedside. Brain Research. 2009; 1293:2–12.
    12. Dolzhenko AT, Komissarov IV (1987). Characteristics of the presynaptic action of barman and its derivatives compared to benzodiazepine tranquilizers. Farmakol Toksikol., 50(2): 13-16.
    13. (Lee CS, Han ES, Jang YY, Han JH, Ha HW, Kirn DE (2000). Protective effect of harmalol and hannaline on MPTP neurotoxicity in the mouse and dopamine induced damage of brain mitochondria and PC12 cells. J. Neurochem., 75(2): 521-531.
    14. AG Ingale & AU Hivrale. Pharmacological studies of Passiflora sp and their bioactive compounds.  Afr J Plant Sci.  4(10): 417-426. Oct 2010.
    15. PPS Verma, A Singh, Laiq-ur-Rahaman & JR Bahl. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) A Herbal medicinal plant with broad therapeutic uses and cultivation practices: a review. Int J Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research 2(11): 928-933, Nov 2015.
    16. Cunningham,   2000.  Cunningham’s  encyclopedia  of magical herbs. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications.
    17. Kennedy D.O., Wake G., Savelev S., Tildesley N.T., Perry E.K., Wesnes K.A., Scholey A.B. “Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding properties.” Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Oct;28(10):1871-81.
    18. Wynn S.G, Fougere B.J. Veterinay Herbal Medicine. Lemon Balm. (2007):590-592
    19. Miroddia, G. Calapaia, M. Navarrac, P.L. Minciulloa, S. Gangemia Passiflora incarnata L. Ethnopharmacology, clinical application, safety and evaluation of clinical trials. (2013)
    20. Sileshi Demelash Sasie.
      Spirulina as a main source of tryptophan for mental illness: Improving level of serotonin through tryptophan supplementation. Global Jnl of med and public health. Juliy 2018.
    21. Westfall S, Lomis N, Kahouli I, Dia SY, Singh SP, Prakash S.Microbiome, probiotics and neurodegenerative diseases: deciphering the gut brain axis.Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 Oct; 74(20):3769-3787.
    22. Chamorro G, et al Spirulina maxima pretreatment partially protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. Nutr Neurosci. (2006)
    23. Thaakur SR, Jyothi B Effect of spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats. J Neural Transm. (2007)
    24. Bermejo-Bescós P, Piñero-Estrada E, Villar del Fresno AM Neuroprotection by Spirulina platensis protean extract and phycocyanin against iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro. (2008)
    25. Pabon MM, et al A Spirulina-Enhanced Diet Provides Neuroprotection in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson’s Disease. PLoS One. (2012)
    26. Spirulina Promotes Stem Cell Genesis and Protects against LPS Induced Declines in Neural Stem Cell Proliferation.
    27. Yang HN, Lee EH, and Kim HM. Spirulina platensis inhibits anaphaylactic reaction. Life Sciences, 1997; 61(13): 1237–1244.
    28. Kim HM, Lee EH, Cho HH, and Moon YH. Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats by Spirulina. Biochemical Pharmacology, 1998; 55(7): 1071–1076.
    29. Mao TK, van de Water J, and Gershwin ME. Effects of a Spirulina-based dietary supplement on cytokine production from allergic rhinitis patients. Journal of Medicinal Food, 2005; 8(1): 27–30.
    30. Ranjani Ramakrishnan. ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES OF CYANOBACTERIUM, SPIRULINA PLATENSIS-A REVIEW. Pharmaceutical Sciences (IJMPS). 2013; 3(5): 1-10.
    31. Nakaya N, Homa Y, and Goto Y. Cholesterolloweringeffect of Spirulina.  Atherosclerosis, 1988; 37: 1329–1337.
    32. Misbahuddin M, Islam AZ, Khandker S, Al-Mahmud I, Islam N, and Anjumanara. Efficacy of spirulina extract plus zinc in patients of chronic arsenic poisoning: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clinical Toxicology, 2006; 44(2): 135–141.
    33. Reddy MC, Subhashini J, Mahipal SVK et al. CPhycocyanin, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2003; 304(2): 385–392.
    34. Bezerra LF, de Souza AM, de Melo MA, de Lucena Wanderlei L & de Souza Mendes R. Use of Cyanobacterium Spirulina Associated with Amitraz to Treatment in Juvenile Generalized Canine Demodiciosis. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2013. 41: 1124.
    35. Kim HM, Lee EH, Cho HH, et al. Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats by spirulina. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998; 55: 1071-1076.
    36. Yang HN, Lee EH, Kim HM. Spirulina platensis inhibits anaphylactic reaction. Life Sci. 1997; 61: 1237-1244.
    37. Mao TK, Water JV, Gershwin ME et al. Effects of a spirulina-based dietary supplement on cytokine production from allergic rhinitis patients. J Med Food. 2005; 8: 27-30.
    38. Cingi C, Conk-Dalay M, Cakli H, et al. The effects of spirulina on allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Mar 15.
    39. Torres-Duran PV, Miranda-Zamora R, Paredes-Carbajal MC, et al . Spirulina maxima prevents induction of fatty liver by carbon tetrachloride in the rat. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1998; 44: 787-793.
    40. Vadiraja BB, Gaikwad NW, Madyastha KM . Hepatoprotective effect of C-phycocyanin: protection for carbon tetrachloride and R -(+)-pulegone-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998; 249: 428-431.
    41. Gargouri M, et al Spirulina or dandelion-enriched diet of mothers alleviates lead-induced damages in brain and cerebellum of newborn rats. Food Chem Toxicol. (2012)
    42. Paniagua-Castro N, et al Spirulina (Arthrospira) protects against cadmium-induced teratogenic damage in mice. J Med Food. (2011)
    43. El-Desoky GE, et al Improvement of Mercuric Chloride-Induced Testis Injuries and Sperm Quality Deteriorations by Spirulina platensis in Rats. PLoS One. (2013)
    44. Sharma MK, et al Evaluation of protective efficacy of Spirulina fusiformis against mercury induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Food Chem Toxicol. (2007)
    45. Chamorro G, et al Spirulina maxima pretreatment partially protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. Nutr Neurosci. (2006)
    46. Thaakur SR, Jyothi B Effect of spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats. J Neural Transm. (2007)
    47. Bermejo-Bescós P, Piñero-Estrada E, Villar del Fresno AM Neuroprotection by Spirulina platensis protean extract and phycocyanin against iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro. (2008)
    48. Pabon MM, et al A Spirulina-Enhanced Diet Provides Neuroprotection in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson’s Disease. PLoS One. (2012)
    49. Spirulina Promotes Stem Cell Genesis and Protects against LPS Induced Declines in Neural Stem Cell Proliferation.
    50. Ou Y, et al Antidiabetic potential of phycocyanin: Effects on KKAy mice. Pharm Biol. (2013)
    51. Parikh P, Mani U, Iyer U Role of Spirulina in the Control of Glycemia and Lipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Food. (2001)
    52. Voltarelli FA, de Mello MA Spirulina enhanced the skeletal muscle protein in growing rats . Eur J Nutr. (2008)
    53. Efficacy of Spirulina Supplementation on Isometric Strength and Isometric Endurance of Quadriceps in Trained and Untrained Individuals – a comparative study
    54. Kalafati M, et al Ergogenic and antioxidant effects of spirulina supplementation in humans . Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2010)
    55. Lu HK, et al Preventive effects of Spirulina platensis on skeletal muscle damage under exercise-induced oxidative stress . Eur J Appl Physiol. (2006)
    56. Jarouliya U, et al. Alleviation of metabolic abnormalities induced by excessive fructose administration in Wistar rats by Spirulina maxima . Indian J Med Res. (2012)
    57. Pak W, et al Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of spirulina on rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis . J Clin Biochem Nutr. (2012)
    58. Bhattacharyya S, Mehta P The hepatoprotective potential of Spirulina and vitamin C supplemention in cisplatin toxicity . Food Funct. (2012)
    59. Thaakur SR, Jyothi B. Effect of Spirulina maxima on the haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and oxidative stress in rats. J Neural Transm. 2007; 114: 1217–1225.
    60. Kuhad A, Tirkey N, Pilkhwal S, Chopra K. Renoprotective effect of Spirulina fusiformis on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats. Ren Fail. 2006; 28: 247–254.
    61. Remirez D, González R, Merino N, Rodriguez S, Ancheta O. Inhibitory effects of Spirulina in zymosan-induced arthritis in mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2002; 11: 75–79.
    62. Premkumar K, Pachiappan A, Abraham SK, Santhiya ST, Gopinath PM, Ramesh A. Effect of Spirulina fusiformis on cyclophosphamide and mitomycin-C induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Fitoterapia. 2001; 72: 906–911.
    63. Upasani CD, Khera A, Balaraman R. Effect of lead with vitamin E, C, or Spirulina on malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001; 39: 70–74.
    64. Kumar N, Singh S, Patro N, Patro I. Evaluation of protective efficacy of Spirulina platensis against collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Inflammopharmacol. 2009; 17: 181–190.
    65. Karadeniz A, Cemek M, Simsek N. The effects of Panax ginseng and Spirulina platensis on hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009; 72: 231–235.
    66. Karadeniz A, Yildirim A, Simsek N, Kalkan Y, Celebi F. Spirulina platensis protects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res. 2008; 22: 1506–1510.
    67. Torres-Dura´n PV, Paredes-Carbajal AMC, Mascher BD, Zamora-Gonza´lez BJ, Dı´az-Zagoya CJD, Jua´rez-Oropezaa AMA. Protective Effect of Arthrospira maxima on Fatty Acid Composition in Fatty Liver. Archives of Medical Research. 2006; 37: 479–483.
    68. Sharma MK, Sharma A, Kumar A, Kumar M. Spirulina fusiformis provides protection against mercuric chloride induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007; 45: 2412–2419.
    69. Rasool M, Sabina EP, Lavanya B. Anti-inflammatory effect of Spirulina fusiformis on adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006; 29: 2483–2487.
    70. Premkumar K, Abraham SK, Santhiya ST, Ramesh A. Protective effect of Spirulina fusiformis on chemical-induced genotoxicity in mice. Fitoterapia. 2004; 75: 24–31.
    71. Kim HM, Lee EH, Cho HH, Moon YH. Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats by Spirulina. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998; 55: 1071–1076.
    72. Khan M, Shobha JC, Mohan IK, Rao Naidu MU, Prayag A, Kutala VK. Spirulina attenuates cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2006; 26: 444–451.
    73. Chamorro G, Pérez-Albiter M, Serrano-García N, Mares-Sámano JJ, Rojas P. Spirulina maxima pretreatment partially protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. Nutr Neurosci. 2006; 9: 207–212.
    74. Ross E, Dominy W. The nutritional value of dehydrated, blue-green algae (Spirulina platensis) for poultry. Poult Sci. 1990 May;69(5):794-800.
    75. Nah, W.H., I.K. Koh, H.S. Ahn, M.J. Kim, H.G. Kang, J.H. Jun and M.C. Gye, 2012. Effect of Spirulina maxima on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic male rats. Food Chem., 134: 173-179.
    76. El-Desoky, G.E., S.A. Bashandy, I.M. Alhazza, Z.A. Al-Othman, M.A. Aboul-Soud and K. Yusuf, 2013. Improvement of mercuric chloride-induced testis injuries and sperm quality deteriorations by Spirulina platensis in rats. PLOS One, Vol. 8. 10.1371
    77. Schwartz J, Shklar G, et al. Prevention of experimental oral cancer by extracts of spirulina- dunaliella algae. 1988. Harvard School of Dental Medicine. Pub. In Nutrition and Cancer 11, 127-134. 1988. USA.
    78. Lisheng, et al. Inhibitive effect and mechanism of polysaccharide of spirulina on transplanted tumor cells in mice. 1991. Pub. in Marine Sciences, Qingdao, N.5. pp 33-38. China.
    79. Qishen, P. et al. Enhancement of endonuclease activity and repair DNA synthesis by polysaccharide of spirulina. 1988. Pub. in Chinese Genetics Journal 15 (5) 374-381. China

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*None of the ingredients in Untamed Calm are listed in the FEI Equine Prohibited Substances Database
*Product Reg no: V32894 Act36/1947

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